Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a fundamental technique in computational biology that compares protein, DNA, or RNA sequences to identify regions of similarity reflecting functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships. This systematic literature review examines the diverse land-scape of multiple sequence alignment algorithms, categorizing them based on their underlying approaches and analyzing their strengths, limitations, and applications. We explore seven major categories of alignment methods: dynamic programming, progressive alignment, iterative refinement, Hidden Markov Model-based, consistency-based, structure-based, and machine learning-based approaches. Through comprehensive analysis of recent benchmarks and literature, we identify key innovations, performance characteristics, and emerging trends in the field. This review provides a detailed overview of the evolution of multiple sequence alignment algorithms and their applications in modern bioinformatics.

The accuracy of classification algorithms is significantly influenced by the quality and structure of input data. In this light, effective pre-processing is crucial for boosting the generalization capabilities of supervised machine learning models. This study addresses key challenges in data preparation, including the treatment of continuous attributes, imputation of missing values, and management of high-dimensional features. To overcome these obstacles, we propose an innovative hybrid preprocessing strategy that synthesizes multiple techniques into a unified framework. By tailoring specific methods to the characteristics of diverse datasets, this hybrid approach enhances both the accuracy and robustness of the classification results. Through the promotion of intelligent, data-driven solutions that can be applied in multiple sectors, the findings support the Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9), which focuses on Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Part of speech tagging (POS) is crucial in natural language processing, identifying the grammatical categories of words in sentences. This research highlights the lack of focus on POS tagging for Asian languages, particularly Cebuano. Inadequate research on Cebuano religious text has hindered linguistic documentation and understanding its grammar and vocabulary. This study introduces a Parts-of-Speech Tagging for Cebuano utilizing a Modified Viterbi Algorithm. The researchers also apply a method for handling unfamiliar words. Results indicate that the algorithm performs exceptionally well on a religious text corpus comprising 50,000 datasets, achieving an accuracy of93%,precision of90%, recall of 90. 52%, and an F1-score of92%. These results highlight the algorithm's effectiveness in tackling language challenges within specific genres. Furthermore, the research supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting linguistic diversity and advancing inclusive language technologies. The study also provides valuable insights into Cebuano's linguistic characteristics and grammatical structures, laying a solid foundation for future research in natural language processing.

In this study, we use various RNN architectures namely, RNN, Bi-LSTM, and GRU — alongside BERT to analyze sentiment across university departments. Our aim is a comparative analysis of these models in sentiment classification within education. We collected and pre-processed textual data from multiple departments for balanced training and validation. Results showed that traditional RNNs achieved 90% accuracy, Bi-LSTM 93%, and GRU 89%. BERT, leveraging its Transformer architecture, outperformed with 94% accuracy. These findings highlight the superiority of BERT in capturing complex language patterns for sentiment analysis. This study underscores the potential of advanced neural network architectures to gain insights into departmental sentiments, informing policy decisions and educational strategies. Aligning with sustainable development goals in education, we aim to use AI models to develop effective, inclusive, and responsive educational strategies, enhancing quality and accessibility.

This study focuses on the evaluation of a faculty Performance Modeling System, recognizing the critical role of faculty performance in educational quality and institutional success. Although previous research has often concentrated on the technical development and predictive capabilities of such systems, this paper shifts the focus to user acceptance and system efficacy from the perspective end-users, the faculty. To achieve this, the researchers propose and apply a Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework for evaluation. This modified TAM incorporates specific constructs relevant to the academic environment and faculty roles, such as perceived impact on teaching effectiveness and perceived relevance to professional development, alongside traditional TAM constructs like perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The evaluation methodology involves assessing faculty perceptions and attitudes towards the system, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data to understand factors influencing its adoption and continued use. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the practical applicability and user acceptance of faculty modeling systems, guiding future design and implementation efforts to ensure these tools effectively support faculty growth and institutional objectives.

Part of speech tagging (POS) is crucial in natural language processing, identifying the grammatical categories of words in sentences. This research highlights the lack of focus on POS tagging for Asian languages, particularly Cebuano. Limited research on Cebuano has hindered linguistic documentation and understanding of its grammar and vocabulary. This study introduces a Cebuano POS tagger using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to improve Cebuano text processing. The researchers also propose a method for handling unfamiliar words. Results show the algorithm performs well on a news text corpus of 25,000 datasets, with an accuracy of 84 %, precision of 80%, recall of 81.52%, and F1-score of 82%. These outcomes demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness in addressing language challenges in specific genres. Additionally, the research contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting linguistic diversity and fostering inclusive language technologies. The study provides insights into Cebuano's linguistic traits and grammatical structures, offering a foundation for further research in natural language processing.