Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) were investigated in the Philippines for domestic level as a supplemental water resource for non-potable water usage because of the country's geographic location. This study designed a RWHS for a residential building in Imus City, Cavite, Philippines. The RWHS is designed considering the Optimum Tank Size (OTS) and its corresponding water yield and the evaluation of its water saving efficiency (Et). The optimum tank size was obtained by using the Simplified Approach which is based on the Inflow Volume. In order to measure the monthly water yield (MWY) while only accounting for 38% of the household's 12-year water demand, the research additionally utilized the Demand-After-Rain (DAR) approach, which is a simulation equation derived in the unique scenario of the Yield-After-Spillage (YAS) algorithm. The peak water demand of the household is 45 m3 but 38% of this was only used in consideration of non-potable uses only. The RWHS tank supplied a peak monthly yield of 12.88 m3 during the rainy season. The efficiency of the tank ranged from 28.45% to 48.74%. Moreover, the water saving efficiency of the tank was observed to have an average of 39.18% for the year 2010-2021.

The number of vehicles that travel on the road daily is escalating due to the rapid urbanization in the Philippines, particularly in the National Capital Region (NCR). It is difficult to ignore that the surge of private and public transit vehicles significantly impacts traffic flow across the country. Highway interchange is one of the alternatives that can reduce and avoid congestion and improve travel time by making transportation from one place to another more efficient. One of the prominent areas with heavy traffic is the Elliptical Road (ER) in Quezon City, or Quezon Memorial Circle (QMC), which is because motorists travel to busy highways like Commonwealth Avenue (CA), East Avenue (EA), Quezon Avenue (QA), and North Avenue (NA) also pass through it. The Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) records that contain traffic data were obtained to visualize the growth of traffic in the study area. The results showed that the Speed Performance Index (SPI) observed was 20 kph during the AM peak hour count and 18.67 kph for the PM peak hour count. Moreover, the average speed observed with the proposed interchange is 19.95 kph. Furthermore, the proposed interchange provided a slight improvement in the LOS compared to the existing traffic conditions in the area.

Slope stability of homogenous earth dams is a very important design analysis to consider since earth dams are prone to failure on slopes due some factors such as material properties and the design slope of the downstream side. SLOPE/W simulation using the method of slices was utilized to determine the effect of the input parameters in a Mohr-Coulomb analysis including the unit weight, cohesion, and angle of internal friction (Ø) of the dam material to be used. Hydraulic structure designers encounter difficulties in analyzing the best design which include the proper slope due to the complexity of the required input parameters and other factors affecting the stability of the dam. It is the main objective of this paper to provide a prediction model of the slope stability (SS) of homogenous earth dams using neural network (NN) particle swarm optimization (PSO) model. The model output will be of great contribution to the designers in investigating the proper earth material and slope design to consider both the structural integrity and economic aspect of the structure. There were seven (7) slopes and 14 earth materials analyzed in the study. The particle swarm optimization technique was implemented and utilized to train and optimize the initial neural network model. The material parameters such as unit weight of the soil (kN/m3), cohesion (kPa), angle of internal friction Ø (degrees), and slope were utilized as the input variables in the study while the factor of safety (FOS) values was used as the output variable. The developed NN-PSO model has an R (all) value of 0.99752, while the MSE of the developed NN-PSO model is 0.0021844. The values of R and MSE are close to the ideal values of 1.0 and 0 respectively, showing further that the model is satisfactory. Using the Garson’s algorithm, it was observed that the angle of friction is the most significant parameter to the FOS.

Technology in construction has been attempting to discover eco-friendly materials, to identify waste products that can be processed as an alternative supplement to cement. The study utilizes sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) to produce a bagasse ash blended concrete. There were 15 previous experimental studies that were gathered and analyzed which have the same variables in terms of determining the mechanical proeprties of the blended concrete with SCBA. The variables that were considered are: compressive strength, cement content (CC), fine aggregate (FA) and coarse aggregate (CA) content, water-cement ratio (W/C), water content (WC), and sugarcane bagasse ash content. 74 different data sets in all were obtained. The study's goal is to develop a prediction model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete made with SCBA. The work employed MATLAB R2021a neural network (NN) toolbox for model development and simulation of the dataset with the use of the backpropagation ANN. The best model was observed to have a structure of 7-7-1 (input-hidden-output) having the highest R all value and lowest AIC value, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 3.718% considered to be a highly accurate model. The relative importance (RI) showed that the FA, CA, and CC were the most significant factors to the CS while water and SCBA were the least influential parameters. The overall findings reveal that the MAPE of the compression strength prediction model decreased from 3.718% to 3.519% exhibiting a 5.35% improvement in the model’s performance.

This research aims to determine the demographics that affect the solid waste management behavior in San Martin Subdivision in Angono, Rizal, conducted during the time of pandemic. This aims to improve sustainability and help create programs that will improve the participation of the households towards positive waste management. Currently, there are limited studies involving waste management, especially in developing countries like the Philippines, where waste management problems are more prevalent, adding more solid wastes during the pandemic period. This will help developing countries improve their waste management system as it will open areas for research and development. The researchers seek through the study of the demographics that affects the attitude, knowledge, and practices of the households to create a more targeted solution for the area. Online questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The findings revealed the relevant demographics in the target area and created a conceptual framework that the administrators can adopt. For the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the households, the income of the family showed significance. The other significant demographics were the household size for the attitude section; educational attainment for the knowledge section; and all the demographics for the practice section. Knowing this relevance, the community can create policies that are catered more to the effective group equating to greater chance of success in the implementation. The significance of the study is that the household wastes comprise of more than half of the waste generation of the Philippines hence, targeting this sector of the society will greatly impact the solid waste problem in the country.

Since the start of the 2019 pandemic, medical staff and non-medical staff are fighting on the front line in all hospitals worldwide. However, the possibility of healthcare workers’ scarcity due to the increasing medical infection rate is ignored in many recent studies. To prevent such things to happen, the installation of a negative air pressure isolation room is proposed to Norzagaray Municipal Hospital (NMH). Primary parameters such as filtration, pressure management, and dilution ventilation were investigated in SOLIDWORKS simulation software by removing one parameter per simulation. Two existing schemes were simulated, and the primary parameters present were evaluated. Three ventilation design set-ups were designed and the effects of the varying placements of the primary parameters to the airflow pattern in a negative air pressure isolation room were determined. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted to determine if the cost of installing the negative air pressure room outweighs its benefit. The set-up where the High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) machine is inside the room is proposed to NMH as this abides by the Department of Health (DOH) memorandum and standards on Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms (AIIRs) and is the most effective of the three set-ups. Results show that filtration filters the infectious particles, pressure management manages the proper airflow direction, and dilution ventilation makes sure there are enough air changes per hour to filter a percentage of infectious particles. In the existing schemes, all the primary parameters were used to contain the infectious particles in the room, however, the effectivity of the filtration also depends on the location of the patient, supply, and exhaust. The most significant effect of the varying placements of the primary parameters can be seen in filtration as only the set-up where the HEPA machine is inside the room was able to filter 100% of the infectious particles. It is also the most profitabl...

This research exhibits the current state of the groundwater resources of the Province of Marinduque more than 20 years after the mining disaster. The sampling locations included thirty – five (35) sites that were extending all six municipalities of the province. The concentration of chromium, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc exceeded the maximum admissible limit (MAL) based on the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) 2017. Thirteen of the sampling sites were classified as severe pollution based on its pollution index. The highest pollution indices were found to be at Brgy. Sumangga, a riverside barangay in the Municipality of Mogpog. These indices were utilized to produce a spatial metal concentration map of the Province of Marinduque using the Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) method. Based on the map, the groundwater of the municipality of Torrijos needs prompt attention for remediation. The findings revealed that the province of Marinduque's groundwater quality is in danger of deteriorating. It is possible to infer that EBK is an effective method for monitoring groundwater quality based on the data and correlation provided. The results of this study could assist in planning rapid response and strategies that are beneficial in the execution of programs that will enhance the adaptive capacity of the province.