This research aims to determine the demographics that affect the solid waste management behavior in San Martin Subdivision in Angono, Rizal, conducted during the time of pandemic. This aims to improve sustainability and help create programs that will improve the participation of the households towards positive waste management. Currently, there are limited studies involving waste management, especially in developing countries like the Philippines, where waste management problems are more prevalent, adding more solid wastes during the pandemic period. This will help developing countries improve their waste management system as it will open areas for research and development. The researchers seek through the study of the demographics that affects the attitude, knowledge, and practices of the households to create a more targeted solution for the area. Online questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The findings revealed the relevant demographics in the target area and created a conceptual framework that the administrators can adopt. For the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the households, the income of the family showed significance. The other significant demographics were the household size for the attitude section; educational attainment for the knowledge section; and all the demographics for the practice section. Knowing this relevance, the community can create policies that are catered more to the effective group equating to greater chance of success in the implementation. The significance of the study is that the household wastes comprise of more than half of the waste generation of the Philippines hence, targeting this sector of the society will greatly impact the solid waste problem in the country.

Flood is a natural disaster mostly caused by typhoons that deal with health, property, and economic damages to areas affected by the inundation, especially on low lying areas such as Marikina, like in the times of typhoon Ondoy and typhoon Ullyses. This study aims to develop an accurate flood hazard map with the use of interval rough numbers to improve the urban management and flood response of the local government. The methodology considered elevation, Slope, distance from water surfaces, drainage density, land use/land cover, and soil profile as factors that would be relevant to the flooding of Marikina city. Online surveys were distributed to different experts under the scene of urban planning, hydrology, environmental protection, water supply and sanitation, and transportation to rate each individual factor’s importance with regards to the other factors by using the Saaty rating scale. Interval rough numbers, fuzzy, and crisp AHP were applied to the matrices of the experts’ rating of the factors and integrated with the generated flood hazard map. The generation of flood hazard maps was done with ArcGIS by utilizing different spatial maps gathered from online sites. After integrating the different MCDA techniques, a comparison was done to identify the most accurate on all the techniques and validation was done through utilizing historical flood data of Marikina City. After the application of the different MCDA techniques to the produced flood hazard map and validation by utilizing flood points of Marikina, the Rough Interval AHP proved to be the most consistent out of the two methods with an accuracy of 95.82%, 90.23%, and 80.72%, respectively. The results showed that from the total area of Marikina City, 33.16% out of it is under the classification of “very high” hazard, 24.42% is under the “high” hazard category, 17.67% is under the “moderate” hazard, 13.20% is under the “low” hazard, and 11.55% is under the “very low” hazard.

SEEP/W is a sophisticated finite element program for simulating groundwater flow in porous media. SEEP/W can also model simple saturated steady-state problems as well as complicated saturated/unsaturated transient analysis. This study aims to determine the effects of the different types of isotropic soils on the seepage and exit gradient of homogeneous earth dams through using seepage analysis simulation. A total of sixty simulations were performed to determine the effects of each six different types of isotropic soil, including gravel, silt, silty sand, silty clay, clay and sand, on the seepage and exit gradient of homogeneous earth dams. In the simulation data, the highest value of the exit gradient is from gravel, which is 0.50003672, while the lowest value is from clay, with a value of 0.500029. In seepage flux, gravel and clay soil have the highest and lowest values, with a minimum and maximum value of 3.00E−04m3/s and 3.00E−02m3/s for gravel and 1.00E−11m3/s and 4.70E−09m3/s for clay,, respectively. The computed r-value is 0.623 and the tabular value is 0.2546766 with 58 degrees of freedom and a 0.05 level of significance. Due to the r-value of 0.623, which is in between the r-values of 1.0 and 0.5, the seepage and exit gradient have a Positive Relationship in terms of Pearson's Correlation Method. Based on this data, it is highly recommended to use clay soil for designing embankment dams as it has low value for both seepage and exit gradient which could prevent piping. While gravel should be avoided among the six types of soil that were simulated since it has a high value for both seepage and exit gradient, making it more susceptible to piping which is one of the major causes of dam failure.