Enhancing the Neighborhood Median Pixel Method Accuracy with Weighted Landsat-8 OLI Image and Spectral Indices
Abraham T. Magpantay
a
,
Proceso L. Fernandez
b
a Computer Science, FEU Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines
b Ateneo de Manila University, Manila, Philippines
Proceedings of the 2025 6th Asia Service Sciences and Software Engineering Conference, (2026), pp. 15-20
Abstract: The Neighborhood Median Pixel Method (NMPM) classifies land cover by summing per-band scores across 10 input features from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data – bands 1 through 7 alongside three widely used index images: NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI. These features are typically treated equally within the classification framework, assuming uniform informational value across all bands and indices. However, indices such as NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI are specifically designed to highlight spatial properties of their respective land cover classes—particularly in urban settings—and are therefore expected to carry more relevant information for specific classification tasks. In this study, we experimented with different weighting schemes and found that giving greater emphasis to the indices led to a modest increase in overall classification accuracy, achieving an average overall accuracy of 0.9475 compared to 0.94 of the original implementations for the equal-weight baseline and other weighting strategies with a 9x9 neighborhood size. The results demonstrate how a targeted methodological innovation in image processing—assigning greater weight to highly relevant features—can enhance the reliable and efficient classification performance of the NMPM. This contributes to more accurate land cover mapping, particularly in complex urban environments, and supports data-driven development planning and resource management.